Noun

homer (plural homers)

1. (Biblical measures) An ancient Hebrew measure of capacity, equal to ten ephahs or ten baths, and approximately equal to ten or eleven bushels.
   • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Book of Ezekiel, 45:11,

     The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer.

   • 1922, James Joyce, Ulysses,

     Head up! For every newbegotten thou shalt gather thy homer of ripe wheat.

Noun

homer (plural homers)

1. (baseball) A four-base hit; a home run

   The first baseman hit a homer to lead off the ninth.

2. A homing pigeon

   Each of the pigeon fanciers released a homer at the same time.

3. (sports) a person who is so devoted to his favorite teams that he refuses to criticize them, especially when they are playing poorly

   Joe is such a homer that he would never boo the Hometown Hobos, even if they are in last place in the league.

Verb

to homer (third-person singular simple present homers, present participle homering, simple past and past participle homered)

1. (baseball) To get a four-base hit; to get a home run

   The Sultan of Swat homered 714 times.

Homer (Ancient Greek: Ὅμηρος, Hómēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. The ancient Greeks generally believed that Homer was an historical individual, but most scholars are skeptical: no reliable biographical information has been handed down from classical antiquity, and the poems themselves seem to represent the culmination of many centuries of oral story-telling and a well-developed formulaic system of poetic composition. According to Martin West, "Homer" is "not the name of a historical poet, but a fictitious or constructed name."

The date of Homer's existence was controversial in antiquity and is no less so today. Herodotus said that Homer lived 400 years before his own time, which would place him at around 850 BC; but other ancient sources gave dates much closer to the supposed time of the Trojan War. The date of the Trojan War was given as 1194–1184 BC by Eratosthenes, who strove to establish a scientific chronology of events, and this date is gaining support in light of recent archaeological research.

For modern scholarship, "the date of Homer" refers to the date of the poems' conception as much as to the lifetime of an individual. The scholarly consensus is that "the Iliad and the Odyssey date from the extreme end of the 9th century BC or from the 8th, the Iliad being anterior to the Odyssey, perhaps by some decades," i.e. somewhat earlier than Hesiod, and that the Iliad is the oldest work of Western literature. Over the past few decades, some scholars have argued for a 7th-century date. Those who believe that the Homeric poems developed gradually over a long period of time, however, generally give a later date for the poems: according to Gregory Nagy, they became fixed texts in only the 6th century.

Alfred Heubeck states that the formative influence of the works of Homer in shaping and influencing the whole development of Greek culture was recognized by many Greeks themselves, who considered him to be their instructor.